The Raleigh-Durham Airport Authority cannot violate the First Amendment rights of newspaper publishers and readers simply because they pose "the slightest administrative inconvenience" to airport administrators, a federal appellate judge said this week. [Update 7/16/10: RDU concedes defeat, but N&O publisher doesn't like surrender terms. "We want to be right next to the Redbox."]
J. Harvie Wilkinson III, a judge on the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, issued a withering rebuke of RDU and its rationale for a blanket ban on newspaper vending boxes at the airport.
"It must be remembered that a newsrack ban like the one in place primarily restricts political speech and that political speech, of course, is at the core of what the First Amendment is designed to protect," Wilkinson wrote. "An informed citizenry is at the heart of this democracy, and narrowing the arteries of information in the manner sought by the Authority will only serve to impair our country's coronary health."
By a 7-4 vote, the court refused Tuesday to consider RDU's appeal of an earlier ruling. It was RDU's fifth straight loss against The News & Observer and three other newspaper publishers that sued the airport, which is owned by local governments in Wake and Durham counties, in 2004.
Usually it takes just one paragraph for an appellate court to announce that it will not hear an appeal from the losing party in an earlier ruling. But Wilkinson, whose career includes three years in newspapers (as editorial page editor for The Virginian-Pilot in Norfolk), took six pages to defend the constitutional rights of newspapers to distribute what they print, and to blast RDU for its policies.
This case involves the total absence of any newspaper dispensers at a public facility of a sort where such newsracks often are present, the unwillingness of the Authority even to consider the expressive interests at stake, and the further unwillingness of the Authority to explore alternatives that would be entirely compatible with the facility’s customary operations. The upshot of all this is to subordinate the clear First Amendment interest in the dissemination of ideas to the slightest administrative inconvenience, an odd and diminished place indeed for our foremost enumerated right. ...
The record presented to us in this case establishes two propositions beyond dispute: that the publishers were denied access to many potential readers and that the Airport Authority provided little more than speculation to justify so sweeping a restriction. ...
The Authority claimed its total newsrack ban was justified by revenue, security, congestion, and aesthetic concerns. But those claims suffered from the fact that the Authority allowed installations dispensing every other item a traveler might conceivably buy. In the secure portion of the Airport, these included prepaid telephone card dispensers, shoe shine stands, ATMs, pay e-mail machines, spa stations, and payphones. The Authority even had plans to add iPod vending machines. Outside the security cordon, the Authority made room for racks with free publications, vending machines offering floral bouquets, soft drinks, snacks, and luggage carts, and even for a display motorcycle. The Authority supplied no reason capable of withstanding even light scrutiny to think that core political speech should be uniquely disfavored relative to the cornucopia of other commercial products and services travelers could obtain outside the retail shops. ...
I have the greatest respect for the Airport Authority’s desire to provide an array of amenities to travelers, but there does come a point when public restriction of political speech should not take a complete backseat to lemonade and motorcycles.
Wilkinson directed one of his barbs directly at John Brantley, the airport director.
The Authority’s Airport Director explained that the decision to reject the publishers’ request was made for a very simple reason: "until we see a good reason to change the practice that we have been following, we’re going to stick with that practice." And apparently, the First Amendment did not qualify as a "good reason."
RDU has defended its refusal to allow news racks, saying that travelers have enough access to newspapers at airport shops. RDU says news racks would pose security risks, impede passenger flow through the terminals, degrade airport aesthetics and reduce airport authority revenue from shops. In a March ruling the court concluded that RDU's argument failed on all these points.
Mindy Hamlin, the RDU spokeswoman, said Tuesday that authority board members will confer with Jim Tatum, the board's attorney, about the cases.
Hamlin said RDU has no further comment today, and reported that the airport's legal bills have reached $503,000.
The Fourth Circuit order, with Wilkinson's opinion and a dissent by Judge Andre M. Davis, is attached here.

Bruce Siceloff reports on traffic and transportation. A News & Observer reporter, editor and blogger since 1976, he took over the
Comments
No one likes .....
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 17:40 — AgentPierceNo one likes airports or airport management. They all tend to be frustrating places where we get harried and processed and psychologically berated ..... or feel that we do. Everyone remembers the bad experiences and forgets the non-bad ones. Using them to go far-away and return gets taken for granted.
Increasingly no one likes newspapers either. They write stories we would rather not read and or don't write stories we think they should. We forget the stories we like ..... we never forget the stories we don't like.
This is a legal battle between two community entities that as stated above are generally unpopular with "most people". Having to choose a side is too difficult. Lets go back to sports and politics where we know who to hate.
I would agree except for the
Fri, 07/16/2010 - 08:39 — jwileyjI would agree except for the fact that the taxpayers are out +/- $905,000 due to this disagreement.
Because He's A Friend?
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 17:23 — NC74Let's face it, the leadership at RDU's pathetic and has been for some time! The only thing that matters is who knows whom and NOT qualifications. That's the RDU way!
"It must be remembered that
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 15:48 — Locomotive_Breath"It must be remembered that a newsrack ban like the one in place primarily restricts political speech and that political speech, of course, is at the core of what the First Amendment is designed to protect,"
So now a judge, a former newsie (how does that happen anyway?), finally admits that the primary purpose of the N&O is political speech rather than, errrr, news. But we've all known better for a long time.
I'm hoping that the newspaper vending machines, if they are the old fashioned kind with a door that opens, will be kept well away from the terminal. Seems like an ideal place to plant a bomb in a way that an ATM and the like would not.
RDU airport newspapers
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 14:26 — annerussellNewspaper vending machines at the airport do not tax those who purchase the paper, in accordance with first amendment law. However, newspapers purchased at kiosks/shops do impose a tax. Because I am a journalist and first amendment activist, I refuse to pay a tax on a newspaper and will not purchase one at a kiosk. I use the vending machine. I suspect the airport folks lose newspaper business to the machines, which charge less for the paper. That is the real reason behind wanting to ban the machines.
Raleigh-Durham International
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:51 — mjrothRaleigh-Durham International Airport is governed by the Raleigh-Durham Airport Authority, an eight-member board. The cities of Durham and Raleigh and the counties of Durham and Wake appoint two members each to the Airport Authority board of directors. The Airport Authority is a governmental body responsible for the development, operation and maintenance of the airport.
As such, this is a case of a government employee trying to restrict the free press for the profit of a government organization, as the Authority makes a higher % profit on products sold inside the terminal shops than it would in the vending machines. This is THE reason they do not let food/drinks through security anymore. The TSA's directive that it is a safety issue is a complete lie fabricated to create higher profits for shop operators and the airport authorities across the nation.
OK...
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 14:04 — jngreene33So the TSA placed heavy restrictions on liquids immediately after someone tried to combine liquids to produce explosives on a plane merely to increase food and drinks sales at airports? Incredible.
Even if it were true, and even if everyone agreed it was bad policymaking, it still wouldn't make it a First Amendment violation. Arguing that the airport is trying to make more money by restricting newspaper placement doesn't prove restriction of speech. The court's decision was not based on unfair business practices, it was based on a supposed First Amendment violation. People can still buy the papers freely.
This is a case of people being angry at the airport's decision, but having to resort to weak arguments to get it overturned (in my opinion). Unfortunately, the judge took the First Amendment bait to settle what is essentially a business dispute.
freely
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 16:11 — fhernstRight now you cannot buy papers freely. You must pay a tax. If vending machines were installed, then you could buy papers freely. As I understand it anyway.
Common Sense and Newspaper Bins
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:47 — gconklinIt seems to me a little common sense would have resulted in the same conclusion as the Federal judge. The airport authority members would be as much to blame for this silly lawsuit as the manager, who had to have had permission to waste the public's money like this. Sometimes old men just don't listen to common sense.
Common sense is not in the equation
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 14:46 — taxpayer2009Common sense is something from an America of past generations. Remember when helping a person in need was admirable? Now its a means for ruination by frivolous lawsuit.
Its all about greed, er business. Both by the N&O and RDU, but RDU is a public entity so there are different rules they must abide by. Too bad Brantly...its not your money you're spending so you have rules to go by. The N&O is free to spend as much as they want, how they want.
The N&O uses the 1st Amm as a crutch while RDU uses security as smoke, but its all about greed, er business.
RDU gets very little money
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:55 — jngreene33from the cities that appoint members to the board (we're talking money in the thousands). The vast majority of the revenue must be generated on site (through gate leasing, landing fees, parking fees, vendor payments, etc.) or provided through federal grants, which are usually specifically targeted for infrastructure or security. It was the newspapers that sued the airport, by the way, so losing a frivolous lawsuit is good reason to appeal in what the Authority thought was the best interests of its operations.
BTW, the title of the post speaks of the airport's effort's to "thwart newspapers". Since people can still buy newspapers at the airport (which generates money for the airport by creating revenue for the vendors who pay rent), perhaps the title is little misleading and should refer to the rack situation directly.
I should be clear that I initially thought the ban was ridiculous and pointless. I still kind of think that, even though I can understand the airport's view. My problem is more with the judge, who backed up a bad legal decision with worse legal reasoning. If the airport was in breech of contract, fine, they deserve to be sued. If they have clearly violated a law, then fine, that deserves to be addressed. But making this a First Amendment case? Absurd....
You need a ticket to buy a newspaper
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 14:31 — taxpayer2009The only way now to buy a newspaper at RDU is to buy an airline ticket. They're all behind the TSA security screeners. Since RDU is a public entity they can't restrict (the N&O's) free speech as one could do on their private property. I don't have to allow newspaper machines at my place of business or on my front lawn...
Having lost this battle 5 straight times in court, RDU needs a new director - and attorney since misappropriation of public funds is a dismissable offense. There's no way they ever would've prevailed in court with 5 losses on the same issue. But hey, its public money so who cares at RDU?
P.S. This is ridiculous
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:09 — jngreene33"An informed citizenry is at the heart of this democracy, and narrowing the arteries of information in the manner sought by the Authority will only serve to impair our country's coronary health."
Does the judge have any support for his assertion that banning newspaper racks negatively impacted the citizenry's access to information, including the N&O? Sure, they'll have to walk a little bit further down the terminal, but we can't have that. Maybe everyone should be forced to provide free high-speed WiFi, so people can check the N&O on their phones wherever they are, lest the nation's "information arteries" are encumbered.
To be clear, I really don't have anything against the N&O, but using lawsuits to settle something like this is part of what is wrong in America. The N&O was willing to waste money, harass the airport authority that has plenty of more important things to worry about, and use incompetent judges to twist and pervert the law, just to get their own way.
Speaking of bad "reasons"
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:00 — jngreene33Also, since the judge was apparently most angered by the director's allegedly insufficient reasons for the ban, it should be mentioned that it's not the judge's role to evaluate whether or not the director's reasoning is "speculation" or not, but rather if it actually violates Federal law. Plenty of administrators make stupid decisions every day, but they are not illegal, and the courts should not invent legal means to rectify what they see as shoddy reasoning.
Speaking of shoddy reasoning and speculation, it's amazing that the judge blows off security concerns as not being valid, especially in an age of increased public violence and sophisticated terrorists. If the judge had relied on careful analysis rather than emotional overreaction when weighing this case, he would have realized that there is a major difference between newspaper racks and the litany of other installations he mentioned (vending machines, shoe shine stations, etc.); that is that newspaper racks can be opened and used to hold a bomb much more easily and covertly than any of the other items he mentions. If the racks are not being used much, are in the way, and newspapers can be purchased at a store 20 yards away, then it's best to mitigate the problem.
The judge might not like all of those reasons, but I imagine that since the courts would not accept the obvious security concerns as being valid and started haranguing the airport about fictitious Constitutional violations, the airport had to muster every rationale it could think of to weather the storm of legal proceedings and irrationality.
By the way, I would like to sell political pamphlets at the N&O office downtown. Perhaps now I have precedent to work with!
The N&O is a private organization
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:08 — taxpayer2009You have no rights to push your agenda on private property. Shows you don't know what you're posting about.
Exactly...
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:45 — jngreene33That's why my last comment was made in jest. The paper doesn't have a right to put news stands wherever it wishes.
They do on public property
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 14:35 — taxpayer2009RDU is public property. They can't restrict free speech like we can on private property. Look at all those harassing Hari Krishnas that used to panhandle under the freedom of religion banner. Ugh!
Very strange
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 12:45 — jngreene33Three things: 1) This case is completely and utterly about money and perception. The N&O doesn't want to lose potential revenue and seem irrelevant in the marketplace and the airport doesn't want to deal with the newspaper stands, which are increasingly irrelevant these days as more people get news electronically. For either party to pretend this is a First Amendment issue is laughable, although understandable when it's hard to make a case that another party is somehow required by to sell your product in the manner you see fit ("hey, let's claim a violation of the Bill of Rights!"). This ban did not in any way restrict the paper's speech or any employee of the paper's speech. They can still say what they want, and citizens can still buy the paper (even at the airport!).
The airport is under no onus to provide people with access TO political speech (even though they do, at their book stores and stands), they are conceivably only required to not BAN access to or expression of speech (for example, if they banned newspapers altogether or confiscated them, which they do not), although that restriction would not apply to their employees, who could be prohibited from saying certain things. Also, this is the first time in recent memory that a judge had admitted that political or ideological speech is the focus of the First Amendment, not some spurious "right" to sell obscenity or use vulgar language on TV, for instance.
2) It's frightening that the judge is castigating the airport director for not seeing that the First Amendment was not a "good reason" to allow the stands, when most people familiar with Constitutional law (not to mention those unfamiliar with law, such as the director) would not have imagined that the airport was in any way infringing on people's First Amendment rights . Since the judge is the one who created the imaginary link between newspaper stands on private property and the First Amendment, perhaps he shouldn't be so surprised that it didn't occur to others not so-well trained in Constitutional gymnastics.
3) Finally, it's hilarious that in order to win the case, preserve potential sales, and save face. the N&O basically had to acknowledge that it is "political speech" (presumably advocating preferred positions on social and economic issues), rather than a neutral arbiter of news updates.
Why is Brantly still employed?
Wed, 07/14/2010 - 13:03 — taxpayer2009m He ordered hundreds of thousands of public dollars wasted on frivolous litigation